Download English Std 5 To 8 Spelling Dictionary PDF
A dictionary, sometimes known as a wordbook, is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radicals and strokes for ideographic languages), which may include information on usage, etymologies, definitions, pronunciations, translation, etc. or a word book in one language with its equivalents in another, sometimes known as a lexicon. It is a lexicographical reference that shows the interrelationships between the data.
A wide distinction is made between general and specialized dictionaries. Specialized dictionaries include words in specialized fields, rather than a full range of words in the language. Lexical elements that describe concepts in specific fields are generally called terms rather than words, although there is no consensus on whether lexicology and terminology are two different fields of study. In theory, general dictionaries are supposed to be semasiological, assigning words to the definition, while specialized dictionaries should be onomasiological, first identifying concepts, and then establishing the terms used to designate them.
In practice, the two approaches are used for both types. There are other types of dictionaries that do not fit the above distinction perfectly, for example, bilingual dictionaries (translation), thesaurus (thesaurus), and rhyming dictionaries. The word dictionary (unqualified) is generally understood to refer to a general-purpose monolingual dictionary.
There is also a contrast between prescriptive or descriptive dictionaries; the first reflects what is seen as the correct use of language, while the second reflects actual recorded use. Stylistic indications (eg, "informal" or "vulgar") in many modern dictionaries are considered objectively descriptive by some.
Although the earliest recorded dictionaries date back to the Sumerian era (these were bilingual dictionaries), the systematic study of dictionaries as objects of scientific interest in themselves is a twentieth-century undertaking, called lexicography, and largely started by Ladislav Zgusta.
The birth of the new discipline was not without controversy, as the makers of practical dictionaries were sometimes accused by others of an "astonishing" lack of method and critical self-reflection.
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